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How the criminal process works in Canada, from arrest to appeal. Choose a charge to see its elements, how bail works, and which Charter rights are in play.

General legal information only, not legal advice. This site cannot tell you what to do in your case. The law changes and facts matter. If you have been charged, speak with a lawyer, a legal aid office, or the duty counsel at your courthouse as early as you can. Last reviewed October 21, 2026.

If you have been charged

Every province and territory has a legal aid plan and duty counsel who give free initial help to people who qualify, and in many places to anyone appearing in bail court. You have the right to speak to a lawyer promptly after arrest or detention (Charter s. 10(b)), and police must tell you that free legal advice exists. Court dates matter: missing one can lead to a further charge and an arrest warrant.

Criminal law and procedure are federal, but court practice, legal aid rules and local programs differ by province. Use this site to prepare questions, not to replace a lawyer.